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The Mughal Empire (The New Cambridge History of India), by John F. Richards
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The Mughal empire was one of the largest centralized states in the premodern world and this volume traces the history of this magnificent empire from its creation in 1526 to its breakup in 1720. Richards stresses the dynamic quality of Mughal territorial expansion, their institutional innovations in land revenue, coinage and military organization, ideological change and the relationship between the emperors and Islam. He also analyzes institutions particular to the Mughal empire, such as the jagir system, and explores Mughal India's links with the early modern world.
- Sales Rank: #802879 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
- Published on: 1996-01-26
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.98" h x .75" w x 5.98" l, 1.20 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 340 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
"This is a succinct, readable, and comprehensible summary of one of the most important eras in India's history....It should become the major text on Mughal history." Choice
"Richards's volume fills an important gap. Until now there has been no basic narrative, political history of the Mughal empire....Richards's approach has the virtue of integrating a great deal of the newest research into a familiar framework....His clear and concise synthesis of the new scholarship on the Mughal empire in India provides a context for the student and a point of departure for all subsequent scholarly work in the field." American Historical Review
"...a clearly written, intelligent synthesis of scholarship on a major topic of the history of the Indian subcontinent. The volume will, without doubt, become the textbook of choice for this subject." Barbara D. Metcalf, Asian Thought and Society
"...a readable, expanded narrative history of the Mughal Empire from its foundation in 1526 to the onset of its decline in the early eighteenth century. It is written and organized in the familiar Cambridge History style, and will serve as a suitable standard reference for general Mughal political history." Richard Foltz, Harvard Middle East and Islamic Review
From the Back Cover
The Mughal empire was one of the largest centralized states known in pre-modern world history. It was founded in the early 1500s and by the end of the following century the Mughal emperor ruled almost the entire Indian subcontinent with a population of between 100 and 150 millions. As well as military success, the Mughal emperors displayed immense wealth and the ceremonies, etiquette, music, poetry, and exquisitely executed paintings and objects of the imperial court fused together to create a distinctive aristocratic high culture. In this volume, Professor John Richards traces the history of this magnificent empire from its creation in 1526 to its breakup in 1720. He stresses the dynamic quality of Mughal territorial expansion, their institutional innovation in land revenue, coinage and military organization, ideological change, and the relationship between the emperors and Islam. Professor Richards also analyzes institutions particular to the Mughal empire, such as the jagir system, and explores Mughal India's links with the early modern world. The Mughal Empire offers a concise and up-to-date synthesis of this spectacular period in the history of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. It will be widely read by students and specialists of South Asian history and civilization and will be of interest to travellers wishing to know more about the background to the great Mughal monuments.
Most helpful customer reviews
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Fine Survey; 4.5 Stars
By R. Albin
A fine survey of the great Mughal Empire, one of the "gunpowder empires" that developed across Eurasia in the early modern period. This book contains 2 major strands; the basic narrative history of the Empire, and the development of the Mughal state and its impact on Indian society. Richards presents these strands in a series of chapters alternating between narratives of the reigns of the Mughal Emperors and more topical chapters examining the nature of the Mughal state, economic, and some social history. The latest and arguably most successful in a series of invaders from Islamic central Asia, the Mughals were the inheritors of prior Indo-Muslim states in north India and a sophisticated Islamo-Persian political tradition. The Mughal founder, Babur, benefited from intelligent use of firearms combined with heavy cavalry.
Richards has an excellent series of analyses of the development and nature of the Mughal state. The early Mughal Emperors, particularly the highly intelligent (and illiterate) Akbar combined existing political traditions and some innovations to develop a relatively centralized state with formidable military and fiscal power. One key feature of the mature Mughal state was a cosmopolitan service nobility comprised of central Asians, Persians, Indo-Muslims, and Hindus. Somewhat in parallel was a sophisticated bureaucracy, staffed mainly by Hindus, able to consistently raise impressive amounts of revenue through direct taxation. Richards stresses that the Mughal bureaucracy penetrated in important ways to the local level and restricted, though incompletely, the power of local magnates. The Mughals had a considerable positive economic impact on India. Their success brought peace to much of India and they generally pursued policies aimed at economic expansion. These policies undoubtedly contributed to considerable population growth, agricultural expansion, increasing regional and inter-regional trade, and proto-industrialization. The Mughal tax system, which demanded specie, contributed significantly to the monetarization and marketization of the Indian economy. An interesting complement to the Mughal domestic economic expansion was considerable expansion of international trade, much by Europeans dominating the Indian Ocean. A great deal of the precious metals needed for Mughal currency was imported from the western hemisphere.
The linchpin of the Mughal system was the Imperial Court. The whole system depended on capable leadership from the center and the Mughals benefited from a series of very capable Emperors. The importance of Imperial leadership is illustrated also by Richards' description of the decline of the Empire in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. The last great Emperor, Aurangzeb, was a capable and conscientious leader but also a pious Muslim whose pursuit of orthodoxy had a negative impact on the legitimacy of the regime and relationships with Hindu aristocrats. The Mughal state was also built around conquest and expansion. Aurangzeb's unremitting pursuit of conquest in South India led to draining wars with pronounced negative effects. Typical of central Asian descended dynasties, the Mughals never developed a clear succession mechanism and each succession resulted in a civil war among Imperial princes. Coupled with other stresses, the final succession war fatally compromised the power of the Imperial court and resulted in an India comprised of a set of regional successor states. This was the chronically divided and conflict plagued subcontinent that permitted opportunistic European conquest.
23 of 27 people found the following review helpful.
concise information about the mughal empire
By A Customer
This book is an excellent source of information about the mughal dynasty. It is written in a chronological manner and hence, easy to read and follow even for the novice user to this subject. The author has stuck to the main theme of the lives of the emperors themselves, their artistic contribution to India and the people that influenced them. The facts about the emperors especially Jahangir, Shahjahan , the Rajput kings, Shivaji's greatness and Shambhaji's misadventures makes it an interesting read. I feel that this book brings forth the facts that are not widely known or mentioned in school history books that brings forth some suprises and hence makes it an interesting read.
20 of 38 people found the following review helpful.
An excellent survey marred by too little attention to women
By A Customer
Dr. Richards' otherwise excellent book about the Mughal Empire is marred by his failure to pay very much attention to its women. Gulbadan is mentioned but once, Jodh Bai, Shah Jahan's mother, not at all, Nur Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal only peripherally. Are the Mughal chronicles themselves similarly silent about these women? Since Gulbadan wrote her own, one must say no.
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